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Annual Report 2022

Department of Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division / Endoscopy Center

Yutaka Saito, Nozomu Kobayashi, Yasuo Kakugawa, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Seiichiro Abe ,Haruhisa Suzuki, Satoru Nonaka, Masayoshi Yamada, Masau Sekiguchi, Hiroyuki Takamaru, Keiko (Sogame) Nakamura, Naoya Toyoshima, Makiguchi Mai,Takao Itoi, Ichiro Oda, Taku Sakamoto, Eriko (Tsuruki) So,Yasuhiko Mizuguchi, Izumi Hisada, Takayuki Yamazaki, Reona Kawamura, Takeshi Uozumi, Yuichiro Hirai, Mitsunobu Saito, Hiroyasu Kusaka, Mika Miyabe, Mikio Tabuchi, Masanori Kurashige, Masako Yamada, Wakana Yashima, Ayano Okamura, Emiko Tahara, and Yumiko Sakamoto

Introduction

 The Department of Endoscopy moved to the New Endoscopy Center on January 20th, 2014 and we believe this is one of the largest endoscopy centers in Japan (15 endoscopy rooms [251.112 m2] and recovery rooms [136.788 m2] on two floors with an area of 1949.554 m2).

 The total number of nursing staff increased to 21, and 6 endoscopy engineers are working with us. The Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division has 14 staff physicians in the National Cancer Center Hospital (NCCH), and in the Division of Screening Technology of the Institute for Cancer Control, 4 chief residents, 6 residents, and several rotating residents.

 The Respiratory Endoscopy Division has 4 staff members, and the total number of bronchoscopies and therapeutic procedures has been dramatically increased.

The Team and What We Do

 Dramatic developments have recently changed the operational mechanism and design of endoscopes along with the availability of various accessory devices and instruments, thus, the clinical applications using the latest equipment are evolving on a continuous basis.

 In the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Division, more advanced and technically difficult endoscopic treatments such as endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are being used in place of conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) not only for early gastric cancer, but also for superficial esophageal and colorectal neoplasms. In addition, educational activities are an important part of the division’s activities, with many Japanese medical students, residents, and staff physicians as well as approximately 130 overseas post-graduate physicians attending our training courses annually.

  Our Endoscopy Center was authorized as one of the Centers of Excellence by the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) and got an award during Gastro 2017 in Hyderabad. This is an honorable award for us because there are only 17 famous international centers worldwide and only two centers in Japan.

 We are also focusing on the development of new medical devices. A joint laboratory with Olympus has been developed in the new research building, and new medical devices are being jointly developed with the three main topics of diagnosis, treatment, and education. We are planning to apply for a joint patent for two new medical devices.

  In addition, we are leading the MIRAI project, which plays a key role in the development of minimally invasive treatment techniques and devices of the near future, and are also focusing on training young human resources who will lead the future.

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Research Activities

 Our efforts have been focused on new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. For a more accurate endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease, we are utilizing the NBI and BLI systems that enable us to narrow the spectral transmittance bandwidth of the optical filters used in the light source of electronic endoscope systems. In addition, we have introduced an endocytoscopy system, which can magnify lesions up to 500x magnification and visualize nuclear atypia.

Clinical Trials

 We have organized several multicenter study groups to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and clinical impact of newly developed endoscopies and medical devices.

Esophagus

  We are currently enrolling our patients in several multicenter randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

  A phase III study is ongoing to compare oral steroid administration with local steroid injection therapy for the prevention of esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection (JCOG1217: Steroid EESD P3). Moreover, a randomized controlled phase II/III study (JCOG1207: RICS study) has been conducted to compare endoscopic balloon dilation combined with steroid injection versus radial incision and cutting combined with steroid injection for refractory anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy.

 We also enrolled our patients in a non-randomized study for investigating the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (JCOG1604: Odyssey trial) by comparing the results with those of magnified endoscopy with narrow band imaging for diagnosing cancer invasion depth of clinical stage IA esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Stomach

  A nationwide cancer registry system has been developed for early gastric cancer treated with EMR/ESD. A five-year multicenter prospective cohort study has been conducted using this cancer registry system since 2010 (J-WEB/EGC) and the short-term outcomes were published in DEN. The long-term outcomes were being analyzed this year and will be published in 2022.

  Our division has developed and is leading the single-arm phase III confirmatory trial on indications of endoscopic submucosal dissection for elderly patients with early gastric cancer (JCOG1902: Elderly G-ESD study). This study has been ongoing since 2020.

 In a prospective multicenter clinical trial of using confocal LASER endomicroscopy (pCLE) for the diagnosis of gastric epithelial lesion, our institution conducts a prospective multicenter trial with a total of 8 tertiary centers as Advanced Medical Technology B to clarify the efficacy of pCLE using fluorescein for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.

Duodenum

  A non-randomized confirmatory trial of cold snare polypectomy for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumor (D-COP trial) has been conducted at more than 100 institutions in Japan since 2017. Recently, cold snare polypectomy is widely performed on the colorectal region, and it is expected that the same concept can be applied for duodenal small tumors (familial adenomatous polyposis [FAP] is excluded from this trial).

Colorectum

  RCTs on colorectal neoplasms are ongoing as well.

 The Japan Polyp Study (JPS), a multicenter RCT conducted at 11 participating centers, was initiated in 2003. The aim of this study was to assess whether follow-up colonoscopy using high definition colonoscope at three years as well as at both one and three years would detect important lesions including non-polypoid colorectal neoplasia. The JPS will provide preexisting comorbidity data, including the prevalence of both flat and depressed colorectal lesions, the quality of colonoscopy, and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, the study will clarify the long-term impact of colonoscopic removal on mortality due to CRC. The evidence will help elaborate the fundamental basis for the updated Japanese surveillance guidelines (JPS participants: 3,926, JPS cohort: 1,291). The first outcome of the JPS has just been published in Gut.

 We play a leading role in a multicenter single-arm study (JCOG1612) on the possibility of CRT for high-risk rectal submucosal cancer after endoscopic resections. When the results of this study show a non-inferiority of CRT compared to surgery, we could propose a new non-invasive treatment strategy for rectal T1 cancer patients.

 A nationwide cancer registry system has also been developed for early CRC treated with ESD. A five-year multicenter prospective cohort study has been ongoing using this cancer registry system since 2013. A total of 2,074 patients were enrolled in this multicenter cohort study and 5-year surveillance of all enrolled patients has been completed. This should be the largest cohort study in colorectal ESD in the world.

 We have conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study on colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) since January 2017. This study is expected to provide new important findings on colorectal NETs.

 A multicenter prospective cohort study on T1 CRC has also been performed since May 2017. In this study, T1 CRC cases were accumulated from over 70 institutions all over Japan, which will provide important information on the management of T1 cancer.

 J-CAPP Study II: To evaluate the influence of low-dose, aspirin tablets (100 mg/day for four years) on colorectal tumor recurrence, we have conducted a multicenter prospective study since 2015 (Chief conductor: Hideki Ishikawa, M.D, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine).

 Molecular and Fluorescence Imaging and Database Study

 Molecular imaging endoscopy is one of the imaging modalities in this new era for very early cancer diagnosis and detection of metastasis. We have started a collaborative study with the Departments of Endoscopy, Colorectal Surgery, Gastric Surgery, and Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, the NCC, Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, and the Jikei University School of Medicine.

 We have been collaborating with the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) to build a Japan Endoscopy Database (JED) of gastrointestinal endoscopies including not only therapeutic but also diagnostic procedures. This all-Japan project is named JED and has the potential to construct the largest and most precise database of all endoscopic procedures. Japanese endoscopists are well known as the most excellent endoscopists; therefore, we can obtain many evidence using this huge endoscopy database from now on.

 Research and development of new endoscopy using artificial intelligence (AI): Recent developments of artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning is expected to be applicable in precision medicine. We have been researching and developing new endoscopic systems using AI. First, in order to support endoscopist’s detection of CRC and precancerous lesions during colonoscopy by AI, we have been researching and developing a software program using convolutional neural networks based on mathematical morphology and hardware, which works in real-time. We will extend this system to genomic data and other gastrointestinal organs, such as the stomach and esophagus, in the future.  Second, we have joined a multicenter image analyzing study led by Prof. Kudo’s group to compare a new automatic diagnosis system using AI with endoscopist’s diagnosis of colorectal lesions using endocytoscopy. We have also started the research and development of an endoscopic diagnosis support system on tumor invasion of gastrointestinal cancer using AI.

 We are collaborating with the NCCH Research Institute and Osaka University and performed fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies on samples from a large cohort of 616 participants who underwent colonoscopy to assess the taxonomic and functional characteristics of gut microbiota and metabolites. The multi-omics data from our large cohort study indicate that the shifts in the microbiome and metabolome occur from the very early stages of the development of colorectal cancer, which is of possible etiological and diagnostic importance and has been published in Nature Medicine.

Future Prospects

Research and development of new endoscopy

 Olympus Medical Systems Corp. has opened a laboratory at our new research center, and we are collaborating with them to develop innovative endoscopy systems and devices.

List of papers published in 2022

Journal

1. Matsuzaki J, Kato K, Oono K, Tsuchiya N, Sudo K, Shimomura A, Tamura K, Shiino S, Kinoshita T, Daiko H, Wada T, Katai H, Ochiai H, Kanemitsu Y, Takamaru H, Abe S, Saito Y, Boku N, Kondo S, Ueno H, Okusaka T, Shimada K, Ohe Y, Asakura K, Yoshida Y, Watanabe SI, Asano N, Kawai A, Ohno M, Narita Y, Ishikawa M, Kato T, Fujimoto H, Niida S, Sakamoto H, Takizawa S, Akiba T, Okanohara D, Shiraishi K, Kohno T, Takeshita F, Nakagama H, Ota N, Ochiya T. Prediction of tissue-of-origin of early stage cancers using serum miRNomes. JNCI cancer spectrum, 7:pkac080, 2023

2. Takemura C, Imabayashi T, Furuse H, Uchimura K, Matsumoto Y, Tsuchida T, Watanabe SI. Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor diagnosed by transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy: A case report. Thoracic cancer, 14:953-957, 2023

3. Konno-Yamamoto A, Matsumoto Y, Imabayashi T, Tanaka M, Uchimura K, Nakagomi T, Yanase K, So C, Ohe Y, Tsuchida T. Feasibility of Modified Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Intranodal Forceps Biopsy: A Retrospective Analysis. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 102:143-153, 2023

4. Furuse H, Matsumoto Y, Nakai T, Tanaka M, Nishimatsu K, Uchimura K, Imabayashi T, Tsuchida T, Ohe Y. Diagnostic efficacy of cryobiopsy for peripheral pulmonary lesions: A propensity score analysis. Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 178:220-228, 2023

5. Uchimura K, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Tsuchida T. Kimura’s Disease Diagnosed with Pleural Tumor. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 62:805-806, 2023

6. Suzuki H, Ono H, Hirasawa T, Takeuchi Y, Ishido K, Hoteya S, Yano T, Tanaka S, Toya Y, Nakagawa M, Toyonaga T, Takemura K, Hirasawa K, Matsuda M, Yamamoto H, Tsuji Y, Hashimoto S, Yuki M, Oyama T, Takenaka R, Yamamoto Y, Naito Y, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi N, Kawahara Y, Hirano M, Koizumi S, Hori S, Tajika M, Hikichi T, Yao K, Yokoi C, Ohnita K, Hisanaga Y, Sumiyoshi T, Kitamura S, Tanaka H, Shimoda R, Shimazu T, Takizawa K, Tanabe S, Kondo H, Iishi H, Ninomiya M, Oda I. Long-term Survival After Endoscopic Resection For Gastric Cancer: Real-world Evidence From a Multicenter Prospective Cohort. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology, 21:307-318.e2, 2023

7. Fukushi G, Yamada M, Kakugawa Y, Gotoh M, Tanabe N, Ushiama M, Watanabe T, Yamazaki T, Matsumoto M, Hirata M, Nakajima T, Sugano K, Yoshida T, Matsuda T, Igarashi Y, Saito Y. Genotype-phenotype correlation of small-intestinal polyps on small-bowel capsule endoscopy in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 97:59-68.e7, 2023

8. Hiki K, Ogata D, Hisada I, Sakamoto T, Hiroyuki T, Yamakawa K, Namikawa K, Takahashi A, Saito Y, Yamazaki N. Minimally invasive surgery combined with excision and endoscopic submucosal dissection for anorectal melanoma. The Journal of dermatology, 50:e26-e27, 2023

9. Hirata S, Toyoshima N, Takamaru H, Yamada M, Kobayashi N, Kozu T, Saito Y. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection with submucosal injection. Endoscopy, 55:E70-E71, 2023

10. Takamaru H, Saito Y, Toyoshima N, Yamada M, Sakamoto T, Matsuda T. Polyglycolic acid sheet with clipping for closing delayed perforation after colonic endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy, 55:E211-E213, 2023

11. Uraoka T, Uedo N, Oyama T, Saito Y, Yahagi N, Fujimoto A, Kawahara Y, Mabe K, Hikichi T, Yamamoto Y, Tajiri H. Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Hemostatic Peptide Solution During Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. The American journal of gastroenterology, 118:276-283, 2023

12. Saito Y. Pathologic sm2 carries a moderate risk of metastases even without other unfavorable factors, but positive horizontal margins have low local recurrence risk after en bloc resection. Endoscopy, 55:252-254, 2023

13. Kadota T, Ishihara R, Hatta W, Yoshida M, Kanzaki H, Kikuchi D, Ono Y, Abe S, Yamamoto Y, Yoshio T, Urabe Y, Yamaguchi N, Nagami Y, Iizuka T, Takahashi H, Oyama T, Yano T. Multi-institutional questionnaire on treatment strategies for superficial entire circumferential esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. DEN open, 3:e206, 2023

14. Tsuchida T, Matsumoto Y, Imabayashi T, Uchimura K. A study of laser dose in photodynamic therapy with talaporfin sodium for malignant central airway stenosis. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 41:103315, 2023

15. Hirai Y, Abe S, Makiguchi ME, Sekiguchi M, Nonaka S, Suzuki H, Yoshinaga S, Saito Y. Endoscopic Resection of Undifferentiated Early Gastric Cancer. Journal of gastric cancer, 23:146-158, 2023

16. Tamura K, Uchimura K, Furuse H, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Tsuchida T. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma cured by a combination of high-frequency snare and photodynamic therapy: A case report. Thoracic cancer, 14:1306-1310, 2023

17. Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Uchimura K, Furuse H, Tsuchida T. Computed Tomography Bronchus Sign Subclassification during Radial Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Biopsy: A Retrospective Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 13:1064, 2023

18. Yamada M, Shino R, Kondo H, Yamada S, Takamaru H, Sakamoto T, Bhandari P, Imaoka H, Kuchiba A, Shibata T, Saito Y, Hamamoto R. Robust automated prediction of the revised Vienna Classification in colonoscopy using deep learning: development and initial external validation. Journal of gastroenterology, 57:879-889, 2022

19. Ishiguro Y, Uchimura K, Furuse H, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Watanabe SI, Tsuchida T. Esophageal submucosal tumor diagnosed with EBUS-guided transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy: A case report. Thoracic cancer, 13:3068-3072, 2022

20. Kakeji Y, Ishikawa T, Suzuki S, Akazawa K, Irino T, Miyashiro I, Ono H, Suzuki H, Tanabe S, Kadowaki S, Muro K, Fukagawa T, Nunobe S, Wada T, Katai H, Kodera Y. A retrospective 5-year survival analysis of surgically resected gastric cancer cases from the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association nationwide registry (2001-2013). Gastric cancer, 25:1082-1093, 2022

21. Shiroma H, Shiba S, Erawijantari PP, Takamaru H, Yamada M, Sakamoto T, Kanemitsu Y, Mizutani S, Soga T, Saito Y, Shibata T, Fukuda S, Yachida S, Yamada T. Surgical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer Partially Restores Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Traits. mSystems, 7:e0001822, 2022

22. Kasuga K, Oda I, Nonaka S, Abe S, Suzuki H, Uraoka T, Saito Y. Endoscopic complete closure of duodenal mucosal defects using a clip with a looped thread after endoscopic resection. Endoscopy, 54:E135-E136, 2022

23. Kasuga K, Saito Y, Takamaru H, Yamada M, Sakamoto T, Sekine S, Uraoka T. Optical real-time biopsy by endocytoscopy: a case of sessile serrated lesion with dysplasia. Endoscopy, 54:E249-E251, 2022

24. Kasuga K, Abe S, Oda I, Yoshinaga S, Suzuki H, Uraoka T, Saito Y. Guidewire-assisted technique for gastroscope insertion through stricture of Zenker’s diverticulum for esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy, 54:E279-E280, 2022

25. Sakamoto T, Nakashima H, Nakamura K, Nagahama R, Saito Y. Performance of Computer-Aided Detection and Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps Compares to That of Experienced Endoscopists. Digestive diseases and sciences, 67:3976-3983, 2022

26. Harai S, Hijioka S, Maruki Y, Ohba A, Nagashio Y, Okusaka T, Saito Y. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticoduodenostomy with anterograde stenting for recurrent hepatic hilar obstruction. Endoscopy, 54:E398-E400, 2022

27. Abe S, Makiguchi ME, Nonaka S, Suzuki H, Yoshinaga S, Saito Y. Emerging texture and color enhancement imaging in early gastric cancer. Digestive endoscopy, 34:714-720, 2022

28. Koyama Y, Fukuzawa M, Kono S, Madarame A, Morise T, Uchida K, Yamaguchi H, Sugimoto A, Nagata N, Kawai T, Takamaru H, Sekiguchi M, Yamada M, Sakamoto T, Matsuda T, Saito Y, Itoi T. Diagnostic efficacy of the Japan NBI Expert Team classification with dual-focus magnification for colorectal tumors. Surgical endoscopy, 36:5032-5040, 2022

29. Kobayashi N, Takeuchi Y, Ohata K, Igarashi M, Yamada M, Kodashima S, Hotta K, Harada K, Ikematsu H, Uraoka T, Sakamoto N, Doyama H, Abe T, Katagiri A, Hori S, Michida T, Yamaguchi T, Fukuzawa M, Kiriyama S, Fukase K, Murakami Y, Ishikawa H, Saito Y. Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasms: Prospective, multicenter, cohort trial. Digestive endoscopy, 34:1042-1051, 2022

30. Takamaru H, Saito Y, Hammoud GM, Mizuguchi Y, Cho H, Sekiguchi M, Yamada M, Sakamoto T, Matsuda T. Comparison of postpolypectomy bleeding events between cold snare polypectomy and hot snare polypectomy for small colorectal lesions: a large-scale propensity score-matched analysis. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 95:982-989.e6, 2022

31. Uraoka T, Takizawa K, Tanaka S, Kashida H, Saito Y, Yahagi N, Yamano HO, Saito S, Hisabe T, Yao T, Watanabe M, Yoshida M, Saitoh Y, Tsuruta O, Igarashi M, Toyonaga T, Ajioka Y, Fujimoto K, Inoue H. Guidelines for Colorectal Cold Polypectomy (supplement to "Guidelines for Colorectal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection/Endoscopic Mucosal Resection"). Digestive endoscopy, 34:668-675, 2022

32. Kitamura H, Hijioka S, Nagashio Y, Ban D, Esaki M, Okusaka T, Saito Y. A case of high grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Endoscopy, 54:E628-E630, 2022

33. Abe S, Tomizawa Y, Saito Y. Can artificial intelligence be your angel to diagnose early gastric cancer in real clinical practice? Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 95:679-681, 2022

34. Abe S, Hirai Y, Uozumi T, Makiguchi ME, Nonaka S, Suzuki H, Yoshinaga S, Oda I, Saito Y. Endoscopic resection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Current indications and treatment outcomes. DEN open, 2:e45, 2022

35. Abe S, Yamazaki T, Hisada IT, Makiguchi ME, Yoshinaga S, Sato T, Nonaka S, Suzuki H, Oda I, Saito Y. Visibility of early gastric cancer in texture and color enhancement imaging. DEN open, 2:e46, 2022

36. Saito Y, Ono A, García VAJ, Mizuguchi Y, Hisada I, Takamaru H, Yamada M, Sekiguchi M, Makiguchi M, Sekine S, Abe S. Diagnosis and treatment of colorectal tumors: Differences between Japan and the West and future prospects. DEN open, 2:e66, 2022

37. Koga T, Hijioka S, Nagashio Y, Ohba A, Maruki Y, Yoshinari M, Hisada Y, Harai S, Kitamura H, Maehara K, Murashima Y, Kawasaki Y, Kawahara S, Takeshita K, Yamada N, Satake T, Kondo S, Morizane C, Ueno H, Okusaka T, Saito Y. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy without fistula dilation using a stent with a 5.9-Fr delivery system: Comparison to a conventional procedure with fistula dilation. DEN open, 2:e56, 2022

38. Ma X, Kawashima K, Saito Y. Using the string-clip method to retrieve the resected specimen allowed a clear observation of the colon and detection of a new lesion. Digestive endoscopy, 34:e77-e78, 2022

39. Abe S, Sekiguchi M. It is time to tailor endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer: Evaluate not only lesion but also patient. Digestive endoscopy, 34:826-827, 2022

40. Kawasaki Y, Hijioka S, Saito Y. Modified double-guidewire technique using a new double-lumen catheter and 0.018-inch guidewire for difficult biliary cannulation. Digestive endoscopy, 34:e71-e72, 2022

41. Saito Y, Yamada M, Mori Y. Although depth prediction of colorectal cancer with artificial intelligence is clinically relevant, standardization of histopathologic diagnosis should also be taken care of. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 95:1195-1197, 2022

42. Takada K, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Uchimura K, Furuse H, Nishimatsu K, Tsuchida T. Feasibility of the modified balloon occlusion method using a 6-Fr balloon catheter in transbronchial lung cryobiopsy. Respiratory investigation, 60:425-429, 2022

43. Tsuchida T, Matsumoto Y, Imabayashi T, Uchimura K, Sasada S. Photodynamic therapy can be safely performed with Talaporfin sodium as a day treatment for central-type early-stage lung cancer. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy, 38:102836, 2022

44. Lu D, Peng J, Wang Z, Sun Y, Zhai J, Wang Z, Chen Z, Matsumoto Y, Wang L, Xin SX, Cai K. Dielectric property measurements for the rapid differentiation of thoracic lymph nodes using XGBoost in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a self-control clinical trial. Translational lung cancer research, 11:342-356, 2022

45. Toyoshima N, Abe S, Saito Y. In addition to free deep margins, R0 resection should be required for T1 colorectal cancers to inform further surgical resection. Endoscopy international open, 10:E291-E292, 2022

46. Yachida T, Matsuda T, Sakamoto T, Nakajima T, Kakugawa Y, Maeshima AM, Taniguchi H, Kushima R, Tobinai K, Kobara H, Masugata H, Masaki T, Saito Y. Endoscopic features of colorectal lymphoma according to histological type. JGH open, 6:257-262, 2022

47. Kawasaki Y, Hijioka S, Maehara K, Tamada K, Okusaka T, Saito Y. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided intra-afferent loop entero-enterostomy using a forward-viewing echoendoscope and insertion of a metal stent. Endoscopy, 54:E815-E817, 2022

48. Sakamoto T, Akiyama S, Narasaka T, Suzuki H, Sekine S, Saito Y, Tsuchiya K. Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Precursor of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of the anus, rectum and colon, 6:92-99, 2022

49. Ainechi D, Misawa M, Barua I, Larsen SLV, Paulsen V, Garborg KK, Aabakken L, Tønnesen CJ, Løberg M, Kalager M, Kudo SE, Hotta K, Ohtsuka K, Saito S, Ikematsu H, Saito Y, Matsuda T, Itoh H, Mori K, Bretthauer M, Mori Y. Impact of artificial intelligence on colorectal polyp detection for early-career endoscopists: an international comparative study. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 57:1272-1277, 2022

50. Kuriki Y, Yoshioka T, Kamiya M, Komatsu T, Takamaru H, Fujita K, Iwaki H, Nanjo A, Akagi Y, Takeshita K, Hino H, Hino R, Kojima R, Ueno T, Hanaoka K, Abe S, Saito Y, Nakajima J, Urano Y. Development of a fluorescent probe library enabling efficient screening of tumour-imaging probes based on discovery of biomarker enzymatic activities. Chemical science, 13:4474-4481, 2022

51. Tanaka M, Matsumoto Y, Imabayashi T, Kawahara T, Tsuchida T. Diagnostic value of a new cryoprobe for peripheral pulmonary lesions: a prospective study. BMC pulmonary medicine, 22:226, 2022

52. Saito Y, Takamaru H, Toyoshima N. Resection depth: a very important advantage for underwater EMR. Endoscopy international open, 10:E729-E730, 2022

53. Ohata K, Kobayashi N, Sakai E, Takeuchi Y, Chino A, Takamaru H, Kodashima S, Hotta K, Harada K, Ikematsu H, Uraoka T, Murakami T, Tsuji S, Abe T, Katagiri A, Hori S, Michida T, Suzuki T, Fukuzawa M, Kiriyama S, Fukase K, Murakami Y, Ishikawa H, Saito Y. Long-term Outcomes After Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Large Colorectal Epithelial Neoplasms: A Prospective, Multicenter, Cohort Trial From Japan. Gastroenterology, 163:1423-1434.e2, 2022

54. Hoshino Y, Hanaoka K, Sakamoto K, Yasunaga M, Kojima T, Kotani D, Nomoto A, Sasaki E, Komatsu T, Ueno T, Takamaru H, Saito Y, Seto Y, Urano Y. Molecular design of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes targeting exopeptidase and application for detection of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity. RSC chemical biology, 3:859-867, 2022

55. Uchimura K, Furuse H, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Tsuchida T. Airway stenosis complicated by endobronchial ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition: A case report. Thoracic cancer, 13:2659-2663, 2022

56. Yamamoto Y, Yoshida N, Yano T, Horimatsu T, Uedo N, Kawata N, Kanzaki H, Hori S, Yao K, Abe S, Katada C, Yokoi C, Ohata K, Doyama H, Yoshimura K, Ishikawa H, Muto M. Assessment of Outcomes From 1-Year Surveillance After Detection of Early Gastric Cancer Among Patients at High Risk in Japan. JAMA network open, 5:e2227667, 2022

57. Muto Y, Uchimura K, Imabayashi T, Matsumoto Y, Furuse H, Tsuchida T. Clinical Utility of Rapid On-Site Evaluation of Touch Imprint Cytology during Cryobiopsy for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions. Cancers, 14:4493, 2022

58. Odagiri H, Hatta W, Tsuji Y, Yoshio T, Yabuuchi Y, Kikuchi D, Tsuji S, Nagami Y, Hikichi T, Kobayashi M, Morita Y, Sumiyoshi T, Iguchi M, Tomida H, Inoue T, Mikami T, Hasatani K, Nishikawa J, Matsumura T, Nebiki H, Nakamatsu D, Ohnita K, Suzuki H, Ueyama H, Hayashi Y, Sugimoto M, Yamaguchi S, Michida T, Yada T, Asahina Y, Narasaka T, Kuribayashi S, Kiyotoki S, Mabe K, Fujishiro M, Masamune A, Hoteya S. Bleeding following Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer in Surgically Altered Stomach. Digestion, 103:428-437, 2022

59. Messmann H, Bisschops R, Antonelli G, Libânio D, Sinonquel P, Abdelrahim M, Ahmad OF, Areia M, Bergman JJGHM, Bhandari P, Boskoski I, Dekker E, Domagk D, Ebigbo A, Eelbode T, Eliakim R, Häfner M, Haidry RJ, Jover R, Kaminski MF, Kuvaev R, Mori Y, Palazzo M, Repici A, Rondonotti E, Rutter MD, Saito Y, Sharma P, Spada C, Spadaccini M, Veitch A, Gralnek IM, Hassan C, Dinis-Ribeiro M. Expected value of artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement. Endoscopy, 54:1211-1231, 2022

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